https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/home daily 0.75 2022-01-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/d009b161-49c8-49c9-a511-791948aefde5/Graduation.jpg Home https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/about daily 0.75 2022-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/58060d6e-4db2-4b98-a9c3-4e273ba8892e/Fig+5.+Drawing+of+bone+pipe+found+at+Clifford+Street%2C+York+%28AD975-1100%29%2C+small+find+number+C666.+Author%E2%80%99s+own..jpg My Research Interests - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/b3040dba-2b71-4513-8e6b-74d68ddbe9d4/Graduation.jpg My Research Interests - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/duct-flutes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/cca8db6e-c5ca-4a90-ad4c-fd4d4212c9e9/Billingsgate+updated+scale.jpg Duct Flutes - Date: 1040-1080 AD Bone: Swan Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Billingsgate Market, London Type of Site: Urban There are a few examples such as this where the distance between the window and fingerholes (of which half remains at the broken section), is relatively large compared to the other examples. The longer this section the lower the pitch of the bone pipe when no fingerholes are covered. The pitch of the bone pipe when all holes are covered is affected by the total length of the complete fragment. This bone flute is currently held in the Museum of London Archaeology Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/d15b41e1-44f9-4e1c-b0e0-7f5217553b2f/FlaxegateGratham+Street+duct+larger+2.png Duct Flutes - Date: 870-1070 AD Bone: Sheep Tibia (Leg Bone) Location Found: Flaxengate/Grantham Street, Lincoln Type of Site: Urban Decoration on bone pipes is rare, and this is the only currently excavated definite duct flute to significantly represent such a feature. It is possible this example was decorated due to the material being mammal bone which is thicker, and so easier to add decoration to, than bird bone. The decoration may have meant the bone pipe had a special purpose or meaning to the owner, or it may have been that they just decided it would look nice with decoration. While there are no fingerholes on the surviving fragment, the part which is now missing may have contained them, but if it did not, this pipe may have been used like a whistle or to produce multiple pitches by covering and uncovering the end or overblowing (blowing harder which might produce higher pitches (harmonics)). This bone flute is currently held in The Collection, Lincoln. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/d7863ef3-859a-4d6e-910d-a84bf4322e22/Coppergate+York+swan+ulna+duct+updated.jpg Duct Flutes - Date: 1000-1200 AD Bone: Swan Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: 16-22 Coppergate (York) Type of Site: Urban On the ‘back’ of the flute at the same end as the window there are four shallow, roughly circular, cut marks and scrapings. This may have been where the maker first lay out positions for fingerholes before deciding to make the bone pipe the other way round. Whether the decision was random, they forgot they had already made some marks, someone else then started making the bone into a flute, or the placement of the fingerholes was decided not to be correct is unknown. This bone flute is currently held in the collection of the York Archaeological Trust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/0fa0998e-41ce-4f9c-b189-dcfbb24c8201/Castle+Yard+Winchester+updates.jpg Duct Flutes - Date: 1067-1071 AD Bone: Goose Humerus (Wing Bone) Location Found: Castle Yard, Winchester Type of Site: Elite This is one of the few duct flutes excavated from this period in its complete form. The small size of the bone pipe is exemplified by this example which is only 102mm long. Bone pipes were some of the smallest instruments of the period, and examples such as this had a high pitch, as can be heard in the video of the recreated instrument. The recordings in the woodland and open area are slightly different. This bone flute is currently held in collection of the Winchester Historic Resources Centre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/19612874-e852-4142-92bf-e89e31d1fa3a/Wicken+Bonhunt+updates+scale+duct.jpg Duct Flutes - Date: 1100-1150 AD Bone: Crane Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Wicken Bonhunt, Essex Type of Site: Rural/Elite Despite being slightly after the Anglo-Saxon period, the culture and making of objects such as bone pipes would not have changed overnight. The area of Wicken Bonhunt was a small Middle Saxon settlement but was rebuilt in the 12th century when a large building, used until the 13th century, was constructed. This bone flute is currently held in the Saffron Walden Museum Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/ff4a8f7e-de8c-46a1-8820-978adea29464/coppergate+york+updates+duct.jpg Duct Flutes - Date: 1050-1100 AD Bone: Goose Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: 16-22 Coppergate, York (Anglo-Scandinavian) Type of Site: Urban The cut at the top of the window may be a manufacture mark when the window was created, or may be a mark made to lay out where the window should go. Marks found on some of the bone pipes suggests, at least for some, there was a certain level of planning in where to place fingerholes and windows. This bone flute is currently held in the collection of the York Archaeological Trust. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/reed-pipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/d1b6b787-e758-4f0e-b172-8a9e56cbf211/Suffolk+reed+pipe+updated.jpg Reed Pipes - Date: Saxon Bone: Crane Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Suffolk Type of Site: Urban Similar in style to the pair of reed pipes, this instrument is believed to be another example of that type of reed pipe despite being fragmented. While the number of fingerholes is unknown, two complete remain with two more evidenced in the fragmentary section and the potential for about six on the whole instrument. Found in a different site to the pair, but in the same area of the country, it is possible there was a tradition for this type of object in that area. However, more may yet be found in other parts of the country which may allow such a link to be understood. This pipe are currently held at Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/bd80f43a-2964-49a7-aa8a-5e0249bca95f/Ipswich+double+reed+pipes+updated.jpg Reed Pipes - Date: Middle Saxon Bone: Crane Tarsometatarsus (Leg Bone) Location Found: St Stephen’s Lane, Ipswich Type of Site: Urban These are the only bone pipes so far found from Saxon England that were found as a pair. Both featuring six fingerholes on the front and one, presumably to be covered by the thumb on the back, they each have more fingerholes than any other bone pipe from this period. The complete nature of these bone pipes and lack of window means they could not have been a duct flute and were most likely sounded by reeds. While it is possible they were tied together and played as a pair by one person, the placement of the fingerholes would potentially have made this challenging, although some of the holes could have been plugged. It is also possible they were played by two separate people using both hands, potentially at the same time. This may explain the close proximity of the finds and their similar appearance, which is also due to them being the right and left crane leg bones from the same bird. These reed pipes are currently held at Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/8c54ca15-b699-4673-b1f2-5b9dff6f1183/St+Neots+updated.jpg Reed Pipes - Date: Fifth-ninth century AD Bone: Sheep/Deer Metatarsal (Leg Bone) Location Found: A 14, St Neots, Cambridgeshire Type of Site: Urban The shape at the top of this instrument would suggest a reed pipe. However, this reed pipe differs from those made from crane bones, because it features a form of decoration, potentially due to the thicker nature of the mammal leg bone compared to bird bones. This decoration bears resemblance to both the Hungate wooden pipe and Scandinavian hornpipes, although there is no evidence of a tenon or plate to assist with the attachment of a horn/bag, this bone pipe is most likely a reed pipe rather than a bagpipe or hornpipe. This pipe is currently held in the collection of the Museum of London Archaeology. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/unknown-bone-pipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/7d6cd8a5-3f78-4a88-a7b4-a54612073b7e/Wharram+Percy+North+Manor+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Medieval/Post-Medieval Bone: Sheep Tibia (Leg Bone) Location F ound: Wharram Percy North Manor, North Yorkshire Type of Site: Rural Disturbance of the site makes dating difficult - this bone pipe might be from the Anglo-Saxon period or later. This bone pipe is currently held at the English Heritage, Helmsley Archaeology Store. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/c7453f68-11a0-4959-9f4c-3d3cbbf0c409/Wicken+Bonhunt+sheep+tibia+unknown.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 1000-1100 AD Bone: Sheep Tibia (Leg Bone) Location Found: Wicken Bonhunt, North-West Essex Type of Site: Rural Found on the site of what, at the time of the bone pipe, would have been a farm, this pipe, unlike many of the other examples, features a hole on the side in addition to those on the front. It is unknown the exact purpose of the hole on the side. Experimentation showed that it could be used as an additional fingerhole (watch the videos), but the positioning and ease with which this was done made such a purpose unlikely. It would appear more likely it was used to suspend the instrument and potentially to carry it around a person’s neck or on a belt. If it was carried in such a way, while the videos show the bone pipe could have been played as a reed pipe or duct flute, due to the ease with which a reed may fall out, it is more likely the pipe was played as a duct flute. When played as a duct flute the sound could travel up to nearly 500m. The location, ease with which the pipe could have been carried using the suspension hole, and distance over which the sound could travel, suggests the pipe was most likely used as a duct flute. This bone flute is currently held in the saffron Walden Museum Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/a522ad79-ac26-41b5-bbe5-8ed5d26e4194/Clifford+Street%2C+York.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 975-1100 AD Bone: Crane Tibiotarsus (Leg Bone) Location Found: Clifford Street, York Type of Site: Urban This bone pipe is currently held in the collection of York Museum and Gardens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/837619dd-44e0-4615-8212-e1dc932a0561/Sessions+House+Lincoln+Updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 900-932 AD Bone: Goose Ulna (Wind Bone) Location Found: The Sessions House, Lincoln Type of Site: Urban The three fingerholes on this example, are about a cm apart and are relatively similar in shape and size. The distance from the fingerholes to the end of the broken part is greater than that between the fingerholes, suggesting that either there were only three fingerholes (the most common number on bone pipes) or that the fingerholes were in groups, although the lack of evidence on other specimens for this would suggest this is not the case. This bone flute is currently held in The Collection, Lincoln. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/1f9626b4-8f8d-4f6d-b0b9-6a451745b5e7/Wharram+Percy+sheep+tibia+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Medieval/Post-Medieval Bone: Sheep Tibia (Leg Bone) Location found: Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire Type of Site: Settlement-Rural Disturbance of the site makes dating difficult - this bone pipe might be from the Anglo-Saxon period or later. Like on many of the other examples, the fingerholes were made with a knife. Using this tool, which would have been accessible to many of the people living in the British Isles during this period, this would have been an instrument accessible to most, if not all people. This is reflected in the range of sites , in which bone pipes are found. This bone pipe is currently held at the English Heritage, Helmsley Archaeology Store. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/25aa5116-b998-4472-8616-fc7076591f43/Southampton+Melbourne+Street+Updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Saxon Bone: Goose Ulna (Wing bone) Location Found: Melbourne Street, Southampton Type of Site: Urban While fingerholes on some bone pipes are round, this example has a square/rectangular shaped fingerhole with the edge of a second which appears to be round. There are cuts potentially marking out where the fingerholes should go. The relatively crude and random shape of the fingerholes is a characteristic seen on a number of bone pipes. This bone flute is currently held in the collection of Southampton City Council. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/61c1f4ea-9703-4d00-8858-0234cc08e9c3/Wolvesey+Palace+unknown.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Saxon or c.1110 AD Bone: Ovicaprid Tibia? (Leg Bone) Location Found: Wolvesey Palace, Winchester Type of Site: Elite Found in spoil (the excavated material) from a foundation trench made when the West Hall was constructed in c.1110, it is unknown whether this bone pipe dates from then or earlier. If it does date from 1110, that is soon enough after 1066 that it may have represented bone pipes from the Anglo-Saxon period. This bone pipe is one of few to feature decoration, with what has been described as an unusually neat fingerhole. Given this, and reed pipes potentially having neater, more rounded fingerholes, it is possible this pipe was sounded by a reed, perhaps further evidenced by the rounded end of the pipe being the right size and shape to take a reed. If this was sounded by such a mechanism, it would suggest reed pipes were found across different areas of the British Isles, and not concentrated in the East of the country. This bone flute is currently held in collection of the Winchester Historic Resources Centre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/2cbfcb03-e01e-4c7d-abfd-5d31526ab223/clifford+street+york+swan+ulna.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 975-1100 AD Bone: Swan Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Clifford Street, York Type of Site: Urban The smooth surface on this bone pipe suggests the pipe was used a lot. Use-wear analysis can help establish how much the bone pipes have been used. This may be assessed using a microscope. The more use wear there is on a find, the more it was used and consequently potentially represents a pipe which was either enjoyed for entertainment or found to be useful for a practical purpose. If there is very little, or no use wear, it may suggest the pipe had limited, if any, use and potentially a pipe which either didn’t work when finished, was found to not work as expected, or went wrong/was being used as a test. Through assessing this it may be possible to establish what, if anything, was desired in a bone pipe at the time. As with many of these bone pipes of an unknown type, this example could have been sounded in multiple ways. The videos show the instrument used as both a reed pipe and a duct flute – try watching the videos in both the woodland setting and open area and listen to the differences in the sound. This bone pipe is currently held in the collection at the York Museum and Gardens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/dd05ffc9-b1a0-4eea-995d-ef159ccde88c/Pinners+Hall+London+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 966-1200 AD Bone: Sheep Metatarsal (Leg Bone) Location Found: Pinners’ Hall, London Type of Site: Urban It is not entirely known why certain bones were used. Bird bones have thinner walls, making them easier to work, but both these and mammal long bones, once the bone marrow has been removed, form hollow tubes. While the reason for choice of bone is unknown, the bones used are similar to those from meat eaten. Given this, it may be the case that, for at least some of these instruments, that they were made from what was left, rather than killing animals and seeking specific bones. This bone flute is currently held in the Museum of London Archaeology Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/42b99e1d-e012-4cfa-be50-fc8ed6339b8c/Wharram+Percy+Norh+Glebe+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Medieval Bone: Sheep Tibia (Leg Bone) Location Found: Wharram Percy, North Glebe Terrace, North Yorkshire Type of Site: Rural Disturbance of the site makes dating difficult - this bone pipe might be from the Anglo-Saxon period or later. This bone pipe is currently held at the English Heritage, Helmsley Archaeology Store. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/e2511280-8247-4196-83da-cbd69ba9d940/Spitalfields+ramp%2C+London+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 1000-1299 AD Bone: sheep tibia (Leg Bone) Location Found: Spitalfields Ramp, London Type of Site: Urban This bone pipe has what could be a suspension hole or a window – it is easy to mix these up and also the fingerholes which helps to explain why confusion occurs and bone pipes are often immediately categorised as flutes. If a suspension hole, this bone pipe may be similar to the bone pipe from Wicken Bonhunt, but with a suspension hole on a different side. Similar to that instrument, it would have allowed for easy carrying and potentially mean that, due to not needing to attach the additional part of a reed, the original object was played as a flute, either end blown or duct. This bone flute is currently held in the Museum of London Archaeology Collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/3b765b0c-d828-4df6-bea2-d45e200b95be/Brook+Street%2C+Winchester.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: 1066-1199 AD Bone: Crane Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Brook Street, Winchester Type of Site: Urban This bone flute is currently held in collection of the Winchester Historic Resources Centre. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/8f7164ed-fb07-4527-ba0e-b22182a206c3/Seacourt+updated.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Pre-1400 Bone: Bird Ulna (Wing Bone) Location found: Seacourt, Berkshire Type of Site: Rural Having been found in an unstratified context, this fragment of bone pipe, cannot be securely dated, beyond pre-1400. This bone pipe is currently located in the Ashmolean Museum Collection, Oxford. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/b7034966-6aa1-4676-a4fb-ee62e1813e83/Southampton+Stoner+Motors.jpg Bone Pipes with an Unknown Sounding Mechanism - Date: Middle Saxon Bone: Goose Tibiotarsus (leg bone) Location Found: Stoner Motors, Southampton Type of Site: Urban The random size, shape and placement of fingerholes is evident on this bone pipe. The relative small size of these fingerholes means it is possible this instrument was not finished, perhaps being someone just testing making a bone pipe or thrown away due to something going wrong. This bone flute is currently held in the collection of Southampton City Council. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/potential-instruments daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/9268284e-ae2f-4597-b66e-a8a21ed1bb55/Possible+panpipe+part.jpg Potential Instruments - Date: Anglo-Saxon Bone: Bird Ulna (Wing Bone) Location Found: Southampton Type of Site: Urban Found in Hamwih (Southampton), this cylindrical piece of bone pipe, categorised as of unknown use, could conceivably have been used as an end-blown flute, or perhaps as a tube from a set of panpipes held together with a material such as animal tendon. While none of these uses are currently proved, it shows the possibilities and how some of the finds previously uncategorised may in fact be instruments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/004cdfde-fc8d-48b0-a5e9-39e2b9d5e49d/white+no+background+cartoon.png Potential Instruments - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/panpipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/1c7dafdb-a333-4b7d-8449-545e5cd662ce/Panpipes.jpg Panpipes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/hornpipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/6dd3ce6a-a4e9-4280-851f-1c52e1a20e8b/Hungate+Hornpipe+style+instrument.jpg Hornpipes - Date: 866-1066 AD Type of Wood: Elder Location Found: Hungate, York Type of Site: Urban This wooden pipe, found in Hungate, York, features a tenon at one end and built-in bell at the other. Dated to 866-1066, from Anglo-Scandinavian York, this is the only wooden single pipe of this period from England. After the arrival of a large Viking army in 866, and subsequent battles, at some point between 878 and 890 the treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was signed, setting out the area to be ruled by Danelaw. Several of the instruments in this exhibition are from this period – when objects are from these areas, they are referred to as Anglo-Scandinavian. Currently located in the collection of York Museums Trust. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/bagpipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/2b31d5ef-3b1e-4067-b300-111eb889327d/bagpipe+drawn.png Bagpipes - While more may have existed and may be discovered in the future, there is only one written reference currently thought to reference a bagpipe from this period: Exeter Riddle 31, and no confirmed archaeological evidence. Compiled in the 10th century, the Exeter Riddles, currently held at Exeter Cathedral, describe a range of objects, although there are no titles or answers, leaving the reader to guess what they may be describing. While some are fairly clear, others are more difficult to understand. The answer of bagpipe for Riddle 31 is fairly likely as there are few other objects that could be described in such a way, and is demonstrated by a drawing of what is described . Bagpipes appear to have been around in England during this period, even if they were ‘rare’. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/004cdfde-fc8d-48b0-a5e9-39e2b9d5e49d/white+no+background+cartoon.png Bagpipes - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/dfd618f0-4b3b-4df0-a504-c554e3fdf987/bagpipe+bird.png Bagpipes - Exeter Riddle 31 The world is adorned in diverse ways, Decorated with rare ornaments. I saw a strange thing singing in a house; Nothing on earth looked in the least Like this creature, her shape was so odd. Her beak pointed upwards, her feet And talons were those of a bird, Yet she cannot fly nor even move much, Though eager to start she sets to work With her singular skills; often and again She goes the rounds at gatherings of men, She sits at the feat and awaits her turn- It comes soon-to prove her prowess In the halls of thanes. But there this creature Never partakes of what makes men merry. Daring, eager for fame, she stays dumb; And yet in her foot she has a fine voice, The glorious gift of song. It is so strange that his creature makes sense only With her dangling foot, richly decorated. When she holds her hoard, proud of her rings Yet naked, she bears her brothers on her neck- A mighty kinswoman. Even a canny poet Will be hard put to name this creature. Translation by Kevin Crossley-Holland, 2015 https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/the-organ daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/2c000bd5-e502-4799-9bcc-b2aca3928c2b/Organ+inverted+updated.jpg The Organ - In 992-994, Wulfstan described the organ which stood at Winchester in part of his Narratio metrica de S. Swithuno.This organ was supposedly extremely large, even by standards of the time. A double organ, with 400 pipes and 26 bellows, with two people working the sliders – this instrument would have created a loud sound, potentially one of the loudest of the period. Experimentation suggests it might have been heard across the whole of Winchester when played. The Winchester organ is described as having 10 pipes for each note; multiple pipes per note appears to have been a feature of organs during this period. The sounding mechanism is not entirely clear. Experimentation would suggest reed pipes may have been more likely on the Winchester instrument. The diagram on the right shows what the front of half the organ at Winchester may have looked like with just the top layer of bellows. The quotes are from Wulfstan’s description of the instrument. Translation by Professor Stephen Oakley (University of Cambridge). Watch and listen to the videos below to see how the slider would have worked and the sound of different types of mechanisms. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/779a2be9-24c1-48d1-9cf2-6f7318a155d8/organ+cake.gif The Organ https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/some-final-thoughts daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/004cdfde-fc8d-48b0-a5e9-39e2b9d5e49d/white+no+background+cartoon.png Some Final Thoughts - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/bone-pipes daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/5b1a9b0d-f18d-4a02-a027-e00b53ef695a/white+no+background.png Bone Pipes - Make it stand out This simple diagram shows what is referred to as the window and finger hole. The diagram is of a duct flute but fingerholes apply to all bone pipe types. The fingerholes are covered and uncovered to make the pipe play different pitches. Fingerholes can also be called toneholes and could be covered by either the fingers or the thumb. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/exhibition daily 0.75 2022-02-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/004cdfde-fc8d-48b0-a5e9-39e2b9d5e49d/white+no+background+cartoon.png Anglo-Saxon Instruments - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/71dc87f5-58b9-4d69-af96-2c661f86b18e/map+with+horns+-+better.gif Anglo-Saxon Instruments - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/004cdfde-fc8d-48b0-a5e9-39e2b9d5e49d/white+no+background+cartoon.png Anglo-Saxon Instruments - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/contact daily 0.75 2022-01-15 https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/general-3 daily 1.0 2022-01-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/a27806e2-922f-46c2-896d-e1e9e14b123b/image+overall.jpg Lucy-Anne Taylor - Make it stand out Research and information about Anglo-Saxon wind instruments. https://www.lucy-annetaylor.com/horns-and-trumpets daily 0.75 2022-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61c9a95fb3320e1314264a6e/0abbd9bb-1833-403a-94bd-3dc45118ef10/taplow+horn+drawing.jpg Horns (and Trumpets) - It is possible that evidence for the horn has previously been overlooked. Horns are found in come burials of the time, and generally described as drinking vessels. While those from Sutton Hoo and Taplow, for example, feature metal rivets meaning they were almost certainly used as drinking vessels, the horn from Prittelwell has no such feature and consequently may have been a sounding horn, although the evidence is not conclusive either way. Metal fittings from Taeppa’s burial mound, Taplow, Buckinghamshire, are here shown on a replica horn, and demonstrate how they would have fitted on such an object. The tip metal fitting with rivets of this set means they could not have been on a sounding horn, and would have been from a drinking horn. The horn metal mounts can be found in the British Museum along with the other finds from Taeppa’s burial mound.